Sheathia rosemalayensis: A Rare Algae Discovered in Kerala
With its diverse ecosystem, Kerala is home to a rich variety of algae species. Researchers have found many algae species in both freshwater and marine. A recent unique discovery has highlighted the state’s distinctive algal biodiversity. This article will try to look at India’s contribution to the field of scientific advancement in ecological discoveries.
Newly Discovered Freshwater Algae in Western Ghats
In March 2025, a group of researchers from Mar Athanasius College of Kothamangalam(Kerala) discovered a unique species of freshwater algae from Rosemala. They named this species “Sheathia rosemalayensis“, and the name is derived from the place of its discovery ‘Rosemala’- a place in the Western Ghats of Kerala. This discovery has its own significance as the “Sheathia” species are rare in India. Previously this “Sheathia” species was only found in the Himalayan region, more specifically in the Assam region, and it is known as “Sheathia assamica“.
Key Points Related to New Discovery
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms and capable of photosynthesis. Alagaes contribute to the ecological balance of aquatic biodiversity or environments and are also indicators of water quality. Now we will discuss a few important points related to the recent discovery of Sheathia rosemalayensis.
- This groundbreaking research on the discovery of Sheathia rosemalayensis was expertly conducted by Dr. Jayalakshmi P.S., a distinguished assistant professor at Mar Athanasius College in Kothamangalam, Kerala, and Fr. Dr. Jose John, a highly respected former principal of Sacred Heart College in Thevara, Kerala.
- The collaborative efforts of the research team mark a significant advancement in the field of botanical studies and their work is published in Phycologia, an international journal for the study of algae. This achievement marks their dedication to enhancing our understanding of the natural world.
- Sheathia species are rare in India. Previously scientists have only one species in Assam.
- Other species in the Sheathia genus, such as Sheathia assamica, Sheathia indonepalensis, and Sheathia dispersa, have a broader distribution that includes Assam, Nepal, Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Hawaiian Archipelago.
Common Alageas in Kerala Waterbody
Kerala’s eutrophic waterbodies consist of various algae species, including
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Ankistrodesmus falcatus
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Ankistrodesmus spiralis
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Chlorococcum humicola
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Coelastrum microporum
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Coelastrum reticulatum
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Cosmarium contractum
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Cosmarium retusiforme
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Crucigeniella irregularis
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Gleocystis gigas
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Kirchneriella lunaris
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Kirchneriella obesa
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Melosira granulata
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Microcystis aeruginosa
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Monoraphidium arcuatum
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Monoraphidium contortum
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Monoraphidium griffithii
Algal Diversity in Specific Regions:
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Kayamkulam Kayal: This backwater region hosts a diverse population of algae, including species from the Myxophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Desmidiaceae, and Bacillariophyceae groups. Studies have noted seasonal variations in algal distribution, with Chlorophyceae populations reaching their peak after the monsoon season.
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Southern Kerala Coast: Research conducted along the rocky reefs of the southern Kerala coast has identified 26 species of macroalgae. Notable species, such as Padina tetrastromatica, Bryopsis plumosa, and Kappaphycus alvarezii, were frequently observed, showcasing the region’s rich marine algal diversity.
Historical Phenomena Related to Algal Diversity in Kerala
In 2001, Kerala experienced instances of red-colored rain, which were later found to be caused by spores from the algae Trentepohlia annulata. This phenomenon attracted considerable attention and highlighted the presence and distribution of algal spores in the region. These findings showcase Kerala’s rich algal diversity and underscore the importance of ongoing research to understand and preserve these essential components of aquatic ecosystems.
Kerala is home to a variety of algal species. These tiny organisms not only help maintain water quality, but also support aquatic life, and even influence weather events—like the famous red rain of 2001, caused by airborne algal spores. The recent discovery of Sheathia rosemalayensis in the Western Ghats shows that there’s still so much left unknown about Kerala’s rich biodiversity. Studying these algae can help us protect our environment and uncover new scientific discoveries.
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